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TASK 2.
2.1. Read the text Match the following headings with the sections of the text below:
History – 3
Application – 5 X
Techniques – 4
Subject – 1
Objectives – 2      
CRIMINOLOGY
(1) Criminology is a social science dealing with the nature, extent, and causes of crime; the characteristics of criminals and their organizations; the problems of apprehending and convicting offenders; the operation of prisons and other correctional institutions; the rehabilitation of convicts both in and out of prison; and the prevention of crime.
(2) The science of criminology has two basic objectives: to determine the causes, whether personal or social, of criminal behaviour and to evolve valid principles for the social control of crime. In pursuing these objectives, criminology draws on the findings of biology, psychology, psychiatry, sociology, anthropology, and related fields.
2.3: Answer the following questions:
1.    What steps can society take to cope with crime?
To cope with the crime any society has to pay much more attention to education and upbringing of younger generation. The state should support the most vulnerable masses of population such as pregnant women, people with disabilities and children. The struggle with drugs, alcohol and tobacco must be intensified.  
2.    What trends can be observed in development of criminology?
In the development of criminology we can observe the humanising trends towards criminal nature with             the social defence movement development. Positivists emphasised case studies and rehabilitative measures and stressed the importance of balance between the rights of criminals and the rights of society.