Практика 1 по английскому (ПГУТИ)

Grammar Task A.   Put the verbs in Present Continuous or Past Continuous.

Example:   Where is Tom? He (to have) a shower. – Where is Tom? He is having a shower.
1. I (to write) an English exercise now. 2. I (to write) an English exercise at this time yesterday. 3. My
little sister (to sleep) now. 4. My little sister (to sleep) at this time yesterday. 5. My friends (not to do)
their homework now. They (to play) volleyball. 6. My friends (not to do) their homework at seven o'clock
yesterday. They (to play) volleyball. 7. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday. 8. She (not to read)
now. 9. Now she (to go) to school. 10. What you (to do) now? - I (to drink) tea. 11. You (to drink) tea at
this time yesterday? - No, I (not to drink) tea at this time yesterday, I (to eat) a banana. 12. My sister is
fond of reading. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday, and now she (to read) again.

Grammar Task B.   Put the verbs in Past Simple or Past Continuous.
Example:  I  (to wake up) early yesterday. It  (to be) a beautiful morning. The sun  (to shine) and the
birds  (to sing). –  I woke up  early yesterday. It was  a beautiful morning. The sun was shining  and the
birds were singing.

1. Last Sunday we (to go) skiing in the country. There (to be) a lot of snow in the fields and we (to enjoy)
ourselves. We (to ski) for two hours and a half. 2. They (to meet) at the station two hours ago. 3. Where
you (to spend) last Sunday? 4. We (to be) in a hurry because only twenty minutes (to be) left before the
beginning of the performance. 5. I (to play) the violin when my friend (to come) in. He (to invite) me to
the theatre and I (to accept) the invitation with pleasure. 6. He (to ring) up his friend and (to ask) him
about the homework. 7. When I (to come) to the theatre, my friend already (to wait) for me. 8. When I (to
go) to the dentist's, I (to break) my arm. 9. When the teacher (to walk) into the classroom, the boys (to
listen) to pop music and the girls (to eat) chips and (to drink) lemonade. 10. She (to go) to the bank when
I (to meet) her. She (not to go) to the doctor's. 11. What you (to do) when the accident (to happen)? - I (to
walk) out of the hospital. 12. When the thieves (to take) his money, he (to leave) the bank.

Grammar Task C.  Fill in the gaps with will or the correct form of be going to.
Example:  A: Why do you need so many newspapers?
     B: Because we … make something fr om papier mache
A: Why do you need so many newspapers?
     B: Because we are going to make something fr om papier mache.

1.  A: I’m very hot.
B: Me too. I … turn on the fan.
2.  A: Did you call the office?
B: No, I … call them later.
3.  A: Will you come to the party on Saturday?
B: No, I can’t. I … visit my sister.
4.  A: Mr Grant is coming for dinner tonight.
B: Yes, I know. I … pick him up fr om the station.
5.  A: There’s a button missing fr om your shirt.
B: Oh! I … sew another one on.
6.  A: Look at that tree!
B: Oh, my goodness! It … fall on that car!
7.  A: Have you decided what to get Larry for his birthday?
B: Yes. I … give him a waterproof watch.

Grammar Task D.  Fill in the blanks with the correct form of be going to, will, the present continuous
or the present simple.
Example:  Ann … (pick) strawberries this weekend. – Ann is going to pick strawberries this
weekend.

1. Look at that car! It’s … (run into) the corner shop!
2. Sue … (give) a seminar at 10:30 tomorrow morning.
3. Don’t take the rubbish out. I … (take) it out in a little while.
4. The train to Brussels … (depart) fr om platform 4 at 11:15 a.m.
5. The Johnsons … (have) their roof repaired this week.
6. The water is boiling. I … (make) a pot of tea.
7. We … (travel) to Spain by car this summer.

Grammar Task E.  Put the verb into the correct form.
Example:  If the weather … (be) fine, we … (go) to the country. - If the weather is fine, we will go to
the country.

1. If I ... (not see) you tomorrow, I ... (phone) you.
2. When I ... (come) back home tonight, I ... (take) a shower.
3. Take an umbrella in case it ... (rain).
4. Be careful! If you ... (not be) careful, you'll fall.
5. We ... (not start) dinner until all our friends… (arrive).
6. Your father ... (help) you, as soon as he ... (have) time.
7. I ... (lend) you the money on condition that you ... (return) it to me next week.
8. I'm going to work in the garden this afternoon unless it ... (be) too cold.
9. My sister wants to live in our house while we… (be) away on holiday.
10. If it ... (be) hot in the afternoon, we… (go) to the beach.
11. ... you ... (go) to the party if they ... (invite) you?
12. I ... (tell) him the news when I ... (see) him.

Grammar Task F.  Complete these sentences with use(d) to …+ suitable verb.  
work  spend  work live  smoke have  like  be  live  go
Example:  Before he was married he ______ alone. - Before he was married he used to live alone.
1. I ______________ in sales, but I was useless, I couldn't sell anything!
2. When my children were little we ____________ hours playing in the garden.
3. When I was a nurse I __________ nights.
4. Dennis gave up smoking two years ago. He  ___________ 40 cigarettes a day.
5. Liz _________ a motorbike, but last year she sold it and bought a car.
6. I rarely eat ice-cream now but I _________ it when I was a child.
7. Jim _________ my best friend but we aren’t friends any longer.
8. We came to live in Manchester a few years ago. We ________  in Nottingham.
9. When you lived in London, __________ to the theatre very often?

Grammar Task G.  Translate fr om English into Russian.
Example:  He used to travel a lot. – Раньше он много путешествовал.
1. She used to have long hair.  
2. We used to go to Wales every summer.
3. Did you used to sing or play an instrument?
4. That didn’t use to be the case.
5. He didn’t use to snore.
6. I am not used to eating that much.
7. Did it take much time to get used to driving on the left?
8. She was used to jogging on cold morning.

Grammar Task H.  Read the following letter and put the verbs into the correct form.
Dear Ruth,
  Thank you very much for the lovely present you sent for Laurie. It was very kind of you. You say in your note that you haven’t got used to being (be) an aunt yet. I used to think (think) that becoming father wouldn’t change me. I was wrong, of course! Life will never be the same again. We used to _____ (go) to bed at midnight or later. Now we’re asleep by ten because we’ve had to get used to _____ (wake)
up at five o’clock. Actually, that’s quite good in a way. I always used to _______ (arrive) late at the office, but since Laurie was born my secretary has got used to ________ (find) me hard at work by the time she gets in! Mind you, it hasn’t been so easy for Jenny. I think she found it very hard first, being with the baby instead of going to work. She wasn’t used to ________ (spend) all day without adult company. But she’s got quite friendly with a neighbor who also has a young baby and I think that makes it easier. She used to ________ (say) she’d go back to work when Laurie was six months old, but now she’s used to ______ (be) at home she’s beginning to enjoy herself, so she may wait until Laurie is a bit older. Anyway, when do you think you’ll be able to come and see us? Jenny says hurry up, while Laurie is still small. We’d love a visitor to show her off to!
All the best, Dennis

Exercise 1.  Read and translate the text.
TEXT A.  THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
The USA is the most powerful and highly developed country of the world. It is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.  
The USA is separated fr om Canada in the north by the 49th parallel and the Great Lakes, and from Mexico in the south by a line following the Rio Grande River and continuing across the highlands to the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the USA is over 9 million square kilometres.  The continental part of the USA consists of the highland regions and two lowland regions. The highland regions are the Appalachia mountains in the east and the Cordillera in the west.  Between the Cordillera and the Appalachian Mountains are the central lowlands which are called
the prairie, and eastern lowlands called the Mississippi valley. The principal rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the longest river in the world (7,330 km) and
the Hudson river. The climate of the USA differs greatly from one part of the country to another. The coldest climate is in the northern part, wh ere there is heavy snow in winter and the temperature may go down to 40 degrees below zero. The south has a ubtropical climate, with temperature as high as 49
degrees in summer.  The population of the United States of America is about 250 million people, who are called Americans. Most of the people live in towns and the population of the countryside is becoming smaller and smaller.  
For many decades the USA has been the place wh ere lots of people sought refuge from persecution for political or religious beliefs. That's why in America there are representatives of practically all
racial and national groups. There are about 25 million Negroes in the country and a little over half a million Indians.  
The capital of the USA is Washington. It is situated in the District of Columbia. Washington is a beautiful administrative city with practically no industry. The USA is a highly developed industrial state. Its agriculture is also highly mechanized. There are coal-mines in the Cordillera Mountains, in
the Kansas City region. Iron is mined near the Great Lakes. The USA has rich oil-fields in California, Texas and some other regions. It occupies one of the first places among the countries of the world for production of coal, iron and oil.  The USA has a highly developed motor-ear industry. It would be no exaggeration to say that cars have become the symbol of American way of life. The vehicles produced at such companies as Ford
and the General Motors are known world-wide. The motor-car industry is concentrated in and around Detroit. Ship-building is developed along the Atlantic coast and in San Francisco. The textile industry is to be found in the north-east and in the south of the country.  
The USA has a highly developed railway system. It also has the best network of roads in the world. They are called highways.  
The USA is a federal country of 50 states and the District of Columbia. The political life of the country has always been dominated by the two major parties: the Democratic party and the Republican party. At an election time they contest presidency and the majority of seats in the Congress. The Congress  is the highest legislative body of the country. It consists of two chambers —  the House of
Representatives and the Senate. The President, elected by the whole nation for four years, is head of the state and the Government.  

Exercise 2. Find the answers to the following questions.
1. What kind of state is the USA?  
2. Wh ere is it situated?  
3. What is the USA washed by in the east and in the west?  
4. What is the USA separated from Canada by?  
5. What is the total area of the country?  
6. What are the principal rivers of the USA?  
7. What is the population of the country?  
8. Wh ere do most people live?  
9. What did many people seek in the USA?  
10. Why are there representatives of all racial and national groups in America?  
11. Wh ere is the capital of the country situated?  
12. Is the agriculture in America highly mechanized?  
13. What raw materials is America rich in?  
14. What has become the symbol of American way of life?  
15. Wh ere is the motor-car industry situated?  
16. Wh ere is the textile industry to be found?  
17. Has the USA a highly developed railway system?  
18. How many states are there in the USA?  
19. By what party has the political life in America been dominated?  
20. What do the two parties contest at an election time?  
21. What is the highest legislative body of the country?  

Exercise 3.  Read and translate the text.
TEXT B.  DIFFERENT TYPES OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY.
Telecommunications technology includes anything used by humans to communicate information over a distance. The concept has been around since the early days of human history, when smoke signals and drums were used to inform a person or groups of people of an event or situation. However, major
breakthroughs since the late 1800s have brought the field of telecommunications into the modern age. As early as the telegraph, long distances could be traversed with information. More recent developments
include the telephone, radio, television, fax machine and computer, each with its own unique properties to benefit the information exchange of mankind. In order for something to be considered a telecommunications technology, it needs to maintain three specific properties that define its actions. First, some sort of transmitter must adapt information into a
signal, such as a drummer beating a specific combination of beats to represent an event. This signal must then be transmitted over some sort of medium, such as the echo caused by a valley in which the drummer is located. Finally, a receiver captures the signal and converts it into information usable by the recipient. Like the drum beating example, all modern forms of telecommunications from cellular phones to Internet connections utilize this same concept. One of the most prevalent telecommunications device is the phone, an instrument which transfers vocal
information from place to place. Two main types of phones are used in modern society: the analog-based fixed-line telephone and the satellite-based cellular phone. Fixed-line telephones were first established as a telecommunications network in the late 1800s using a complex system of wires placed around the world. Cellular technology was first implemented in the 1970s using a network of satellites and radio towers. Fax machines, which utilize the fixed-line telephony network, also utilize  the same method to transfer paper-based information. The broadcast system, which features the radio and television networks, uses a different format to transmit information. Both systems use electromagnetic waves that send audio and video information from one location to another. This can either be accomplished through an analog or digital method. The basic methodology for both principles were created during the early 1900s and quickly became primary methods of information transfer throughout the next century. One challenge with this form of telecommunications  technology is the fact that different frequencies are used for different platforms and locations around the world. Networked computers are very common in the modern world and are either connected to a local-area network or the world wide web. This telecommunications technology allows users to send and receive a variety of formatted information such as text via emails or video with webcams. Different types of connections are available to make this technology function. Early connective techniques included fixed-line analog-to-digital modems, while newer methods including Ethernet lines and wireless connections utilizing electromagnetic waves.