Практика 4 по английскому (ПГУТИ)

Grammar Task A.  Use the verbs in Present, Past or Future Simple Passive.
Example:  St. Petersburg  (to found)  in 1703.  - 19. St. Petersburg was founded  in 1703.  (Past Simple Passive)
1. Bread (to eat) every day. 2. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 3. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 4. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 5.I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 6. Many houses (to build) in our town every year. 7. This work (to do) tomorrow. 8. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 9. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 10. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons. 11. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow. 12. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 13. My question (to answer) yesterday. 14. Hockey (to play) in winter. 15. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 16. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 17. His new book (to finish) next year. 18. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.    

Grammar Task B.  Find the correct form of the verb (Active or Passive)
Example:  She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs. - She will meet them in the hall upstairs.(Active)
1. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room. 2. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up  in the lift. 3. You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the cloak-room downstairs. 4. They can (leave, be left) the key with the clerk downstairs. 5. From the station they will (take, be taken) straight to the hotel. 6. Tomorrow he will (take, be taken) them to the Russian Museum. 7. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau.  

Grammar Task C.  Translate from Russian into English. Use Present Simple Active or Present Simple Passive.
Example: Ее часто посылают на почту. – She is often sent to the Post Office. (Present Simple Passive)
1. Он каждый день рассказывает нам что-нибудь интересное. 2. Ему каждый день рассказывают что-нибудь интересное. 3. Я часто посылаю письма друзьям. 4. Меня часто посылают на юг. 5. Я всегда  хвалю моих друзей. 6. Меня всегда хвалят дома. 7. Каждую субботу папа показывает дедушке мои оценки. 6. Каждую субботу папе показывают мои оценки. 9. Мы часто вспоминаем вас. 10. Нас часто вспоминают в деревне. 11. Мне дают сок каждое утро. 12. Каждое утро я даю кошке молоко. 13. Меня часто приглашают в кино. 14. Моей сестре часто помогают в школе. 15. Я иногда забываю взять дневник. 16. Он пишет много писем. 17. Книги А. Кристи читают с интересом. 18. Собаки любят кости. 19. Собак любят во многих семьях. 20. Когда в вашей семье пьют чай? 21. Где хранят старые письма? 22. Почему эти правила всегда забывают? 23. Почему вы всегда забываете эти правила? 24. Где живут ваши друзья? 25. Где покупают хлеб? 26. Когда задают вопросы?

Grammar Task D.  Translate from Russian into English. Use  Past  Simple Active  or  Past  Simple Passive.
Example: Ему задали много вопросов. – He was asked a lot of questions. (Past Simple Passive)
1.  Вчера я попросил учителя помочь мне. 2. Вчера меня попросили помочь однокласснику. 3. Прошлым летом я учил сестру плавать. 4. Прошлым летом меня учили плавать. 5. Я посоветовал моему другу поступить в спортивную секцию. 6. Я дал своей собаке кусок сахара. 7. Мне дали на обед суп. 8. Вчера нам задавали много вопросов на уроке. 9. Я ответил на все вопросы. 10. Мой портфель купили в прошлом году. 11. Эти орехи съели вчера. 12. Где вы купили эту книгу? 13. Где купили эту книгу? 14. Когда сварили обед? 15. Когда разбили чашку? 16. Когда ты разбил чашку? 17. Что ему обещали? 18. Когда починили машину? 19. Когда исправили ошибку?

Grammar Task E. Translate from Russian into English. Use  Future  Simple Active  or  Future  Simple Passive.
Example:   Ты  будешь  представлен  нашему  директору  в  следующий  понедельник.  – You will be introduced to our director next Monday.
1. Завтра я принесу новый фильм. 2. Завтра принесут новый фильм. 3. Мой друг поможет мне с математикой. 4. Моему другу помогут с немецким. 5 Я куплю мороженого. 6. Новые коньки купят завтра. 7. Миша попросит меня помочь ему. 8. Мишу попросят рассказать о своем путешествии. 9. Доктор попросит меня открыть рот. 10. Доктора попросят вылечить меня. 11. Билеты принесут завтра. 12. Диктант будут писать в следующий вторник. 13. Маму попросят не беспокоиться. 14. Маме дадут чашечку кофе. 15. Мама поблагодарит доктора. 16. Телеграмма будет отправлена сейчас же. 17. Ковер повесят на стену. 18. Книги положат на полку. 19. Когда пошлют письмо? 20. Когда проверят контрольную работу? 21. Как будут делать эту работу?

Grammar Task F. Rewrite the following sentences in Passive Voice. Pay attention to the prepositions.  
Example:  We often speak about her. — She is often spoken about.
1. We thought about our friend all the time. 2. The doctor will operate on him in a week. 3. The teacher sent for the pupil's parents. 4. They looked for the newspaper everywhere. 5. Nobody slept in the bed. 6. The neighbor asked for the telegram. 7. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention. 8. The senior students laughed at the freshman. 9. The group spoke to the headmistress yesterday. 10. The young mothers looked after their babies with great care

Grammar Task G. Put the verbs into the correct form. Use Passive Voice.  
Example:  I am sure I (to ask) at the lesson tomorrow. - I am sure I will be asked at the lesson tomorrow.
1. I am sure I (to ask) at the lesson tomorrow. 2. They told me that the new student (to speak) much about. 3. The hostess said that one more guest (to expect). 4. The newspaper said that an interesting exhibition (to open) in the Hermitage the next week. 5. This new dictionary (to sell) everywhere now. 6. All the texts (to look) through yesterday and not a single mistake (to find). 7. Two reports on Hemingway's stories (to make) in our group last month. Both of them were very interesting. 8. He said that Grandmother's letter (to receive) the day before. 9. Two new engineers just (to introduce) to the head of the department. 10. Don't worry, everything will be all right: the children (to take) to the theatre by the teacher and they (to bring) back to school in the evening.

Exercise 1.  Read and translate the text.
TEXT A. GETTING A JOB IN THE UNITED STATES.  
There are two types of jobs: full-time and part-time work. A full-time job is usually 35-40 hours a week. A part-time job is 15-28 hours a week.  The difference between them is more than just a matter of how long one works. The difference is in the pay and benefits. Many persons with a full-time job will have a higher salary and be provided with benefits. Benefits such as medical insurance, paid vacations, and maybe even an opportunity to have a retirement savings plan.  Part-time workers do not receive any benefits other than a few days off a year. Many youth in our country begin working from an early age. The law requires young people to be a certain age, before they may begin work.  However, most may work at the age of fourteen, with a worker's permit or permission from his parents or guardian. Students usually have part-time jobs in fast food restaurants such as McDonald's, Burger King, etc. Many young men and women work in pizza places and ice cream shops as waiters. Some students work at sports events as coaches, referees, umpires, or scorekeepers. Fast food workers are usually required to work at least 15-17 hours a week. The same goes for any part-time work.
Some students work to pay for attending college or university, others like having extra pocket money, or are saving to buy something. How much money can a young person make? However, the minimum wage in California and New York is around 6 or 7 dollars an hour because the costs of living in those states are much higher. But the average McDonald's worker in Georgia will make minimum wage, $5.65 per hour. If a student in America wants to find a job, he or she will find it. The job may not be prestigious or even enjoyable, but there is work to be found. Generally, the difference between our youth and Amen can one in the area of employment lies in job availability an salary. Americans have the opportunity to work — there are more places for young people to work and payment is higher. American youth needs to work. Saving money for college, university, or technical schools is necessary. Costs run from 5,000-20,000 dollars a year, and the average American family cannot provide this much money every year for four years. One can assume that most university students work one, two or even three jobs during their time at university. Most employers expect their applicants to have previous experience. In order to obtain a job, one must fill out ah application. An application requires necessary information for taxes. The employer usually requests recommendations. It is now also standard practice for many employers to ask employees to take drug tests before they can get a job. After an application has been reviewed, the employer may call the prospective employee in for an interview. The employer will ask questions about what to do in an emergency, what to do with angry customers, and other relative scenarios. Work experience is necessary for most college or university graduates. Thus, American youth must work during college or university in order to get a good job later on or to pay for attending a college or university.

Exercise 2. Find the answers to the following questions.
1. How much time does it take to work a full-time work a week?
2. How much time does it take to work a part-time work a week?
3. What benefits might full-time workers obtain?
4. What benefits might part-time workers obtain?
5. What age should people reach to obtain a job?
6. What should young people have when they try to employ at the age of fourteen or fifteen?
7. How much money can a young person make per hour in California and New York?
8 How much are usually fast food workers required to work?
9. Why should students work?
10. What is the difference between our youth and American one?
11. How much does it cost to attend a university or college in the USA?
12. What do most employers expect from their applicants?
13. What do most employers usually request?
14. Why is work experience necessary for most college or university graduates in the USA?

Exercise 3.  Read and translate the text.
TEXT B. NATURE OF THE INDUSTRY.
Industry organization. The telecommunications industry is divided into four main sectors: wired, wireless, satellite, and other telecommunications establishments. The largest sector of the telecommunications industry continues to be made up of wired telecommunications carriers. Establishments in this sector mainly provide telecommunications services such as such as wired (landline) telephone, digital subscriber line (DSL) Internet, and cable TV and Internet services. These organizations route TV, voice, Internet, data, and other content over a network of wires and cables, and control access to this content. They may own and maintain networks, share networks with other organizations, or lease network capacity from other companies. Establishments in the telecommunications industry, however, do not create the content that is transmitted over their networks, such as TV programs. Wired telecommunications also includes direct-to-home satellite television distributors and a variety of other businesses. Wireless telecommunications carriers provide telephone, Internet, data, and other services to customers through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers. The signals are transmitted through an antenna directly to customers, who use devices, such as cell phones and mobile computers, to receive, interpret, and send information. A large component of this industry segment consists of companies that provide cellular phone service, which has grown rapidly over the past decade. Another component includes establishments that deliver mobile Internet services to individuals with Internet-enabled cellular phones and computers. Satellite telecommunications establishments are made up mostly of government and private organizations that transmit a variety of data through satellites, including photos of the earth, messages to and from public safety officials, and a variety of other information. Direct-to-home satellite TV providers, however, are classified with wired telecommunications. Other sectors in  the telecommunications industry include telecommunications resellers, as well as operators of other communication services ranging from radar stations to radio networks used by taxicab companies. Recent developments. Telecommunications carriers are expanding their data transmission capabilities, known as "bandwidth," by replacing copper wires with fiber optic cables. Fiber optic cable, which transmits light signals along glass strands, permits faster, higher capacity transmissions than traditional copper wire. In some areas, carriers are extending fiber optic cable to residential customers, enabling them to offer cable television, video-on-demand, faster high-speed Internet, and conventional telephone communications over a single line. Wireless telecommunications carriers are deploying several new technologies to allow faster data transmission and better Internet access in an effort to make them more competitive in a market that includes wired Internet carriers. With faster connection speeds, wireless carriers can transmit music, videos, applications, and other content that can be downloaded and played on cellular phones, giving users mobile access to large amounts of data. In addition, as use of this mobile technology increases, wireless companies continue to  develop the next generation of technologies that will allow even faster data transmission.