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ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1.  The teacher points at the blackboard when he wants to explain something.
2.  Computers and lasers are being widely introduced at plants and factories.
3. Great changes in people’s lives and work were brought about by the scientific and technological progress.
4.  The electronic industry produces several types of minicomputers.
        
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. This instrument is a key tool of the atomic age and is used for studying radioactivity.
2. Bad weather conditions make pilots switch over to automatic control.
3. Joint efforts of people throughout the world make it possible to achieve some progress in environment protection.


         III.  Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The Americans say that in the USA the buildings are taller, the cigars are longer, the cars are bigger and the girls are prettier than anywhere in the world.
2. If you make half-hour breaks while getting ready for your exams your brain will work much more efficiently.
3. The sooner you take your medicine the better you will feel.
4. This room is not so comfortable as that one on the first floor.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.

1. We didn’t have any time to discuss his new invention.
2. There is   future for microelectronics in automobiles.
3. You should take any bus that goes fr om here towards the railway station and get off at the third stop.
4. Some students have come, the rest are still taking their exams.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (В) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

А) 1. If Martin does not win, it will be the end of his sport career.
2. He liked music, but the piece she was playing had no melody for him.
3. It is the development of robots that will solve some very difficult problems of industry.
4. While Jack was sitting biting his nails, we were working out a plan to cover up our traces.
B) 1. Thousands of messages from all parts of the body are sent to and from the brain.
2.  Some students will be permitted to take exams in December.
3. He was not expected to say that.

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I, Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Students interested in computer engineering enter technological institutes.
2. She didn’t pay any attention to the ringing telephone.
3. Deeply shocked I left him.
4. An article discussing the new system of school education appeared in all newspapers.

VII. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. As telegraph wires couldn’t be hung over the ocean, cables had to be laid on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.
2. Judges must be free of any political bias.
3. The development of new materials doesn’t mean that old materials should lose their significance.
4. They were allowed to continue their research.
5. Cactus plants needn’t much water. That’s why they can grow in the dry desert.
6.    He will be free tomorrow and he will be able to help you.

VIII. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The United States of America, commonly called the United States or simply America, is a federal republic comprising 50 states and the District of Columbia. The total area is 9.4 mln. sq. km. The United States today hold the leading position in the capitalist world. The USA is situated in the southern part of North America and is washed by the Atlantic ocean in the east and the Pacific ocean in the west. The Atlantic Ocean is of great importance to the USA for its sea communications with Europe, Africa and South America. The largest ports are on the Atlantic Coast.
The Americans are really a nation of nations, and the USA is the country wh ere all principal languages are spoken. The United States of America is a federation of states which was established by the Constitution in 1787. Each state has its own government and its own capital city. The Federal Government is divided into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial, and these three branches are represented respectively by Congress, the President and the Supreme Court. In other words, all legislative powers are vested in a Congress of the United States, which consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. The executive power is vested in a President, who holds office for 4 years.
The USA has large reserves of all the more widely used minerals except tin. The country produces enough of some minerals to meet all its own needs and to ship to other counties as well. The American West occupies 40 per cent of US territory and has 17 per cent of the population, produces 14 per cent of crude oil, and 10 per cent of natural gas. It ranks first in the production of uranium, nickel, copper and molybdenum ores. Half of working population of the USA is employed in the sphere of industry and half in services. Dining halls, cafeterias, restaurants and other units offer daily 160 mln dishes or 20 per cent of all the food produced in the USA. Agriculture is one of the most important fields of economy tightly bound with industry, trade and the services within the framework of the agro-industrial complex.
At present the Union comprises 50 states administratively united by the Federal Government in Washington. Its only industry is a government. As the nation’s capital and a seat of the Federal Government, it is the heart of the country.