английский язык

Задания для контрольной работы.
1. Перепишите предложения, переведите предложения на русский язык:
1.    It is difficult to give a full and accurate definition of economics, but it is possible to indicate what problems economists are interested in.
2.    They are factors that affect prices of goods and services and also resources necessary to produce them.
3.    Economists are also interested in sellers' and buyers' behaviour in the market, in the relationship between "price system" and "market mechanism".

2.  Перепишите предложения. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных:

1.    Our University is the finest country’s educational establishment.
2.    More and more patients came to see Freud.
3.    Patients reported feeling “better than well”.
4.    The more interesting the book is, the faster you read it.
5.    I earn as much money as he does.

3. Перепишите предложения, употребив в них some, any, no или их производные. Переведите получившиеся предложения на русский язык:
1.    … person has his own problems.
2.    Do you need to learn … like this?
3.    … interaction between students in class means little progress.
4.    If you need to check … ideas ask me.
5.    Few students can do anything like this.

4. Перепишите и переведите текст:
Thanks to a 2006 study by the World Institute for Development Economics Research -- using statistics for the year 2000 -- we now have information on the wealth distribution for the world as a whole, which can be compared to the United States and other well-off countries. The authors of the report admit that the quality of the information available on many countries is very spotty and probably off by several percentage points, but they compensate for this problem with very sophisticated statistical methods and the use of different sets of data. With those caveats in mind, we can still safely say that the top 10% of the world's adults control about 85% of global household wealth -- defined very broadly as all assets (not just financial assets), minus debts. That compares with a figure of 69.8% for the top 10% for the United States. The only industrialized democracy with a higher concentration of wealth in the top 10% than the United States is Switzerland at 71.3%. For the figures for several other Northern European countries and Canada, all of which are based on high-quality data.
Credit cards are another area where commercial banks have ex¬panded their services. Used by 56 percent of American households, bank credit cards are the most widely used credit product. Many com¬panies developed customer charge accounts before World War II. With these accounts customers could buy merchandise without having to pay cash. After the War, Diner’s Club initiated a national credit card programme for use in restaurants throughout the United States. American Express and Carte Blanche developed similar programmes. In the late 1960s, two bank card programmes were created: MasterCard and Bank Americard, which is now VISA. Today bank credit cards number about 2000 millions.
Credit cards generate sizable profits to banks, since they stem from both interest charged to credit card holders and payments made by the stores that sell the goods and services. As competition has increased among credit card companies and banks, interest rates and annual fees have dropped dramatically. Banks have also experimented with debit cards, which deduct the amount of a purchase directly from the cardholder’s checking account. The customer avoids interest charges, but the amount is usually de¬ducted from the checking account within 24 hours. These cards have not yet become popular. Also, banks are moving toward working with collaborators to offer co-brand credit cards. For example, Citibank has collaborated with American Airlines to offer the VISA/Advantage card, which adds air travel miles to the credit card holder’s frequent-flyer account. Automated teller machines (ATMs) became standard in commer¬cial banks within the past decade. These electronic machines offer 24- hour banking at convenient locations such as the local supermarket or the student union on campus. Bank customers can make deposits and withdrawals and transfer funds among their accounts by using a per¬sonalized access card.Making loans is one of the key functions of commercial banks assets, while loans to individual consumers account for 11.5 percent of their assets. Loans to businesses typically are classified as either short-term or long-term. Short-term loans must be repaid within one year and are used for the company’s immediate needs, such as to build seasonal inventory. Long-term loans may be granted for periods of up to 20 years but most} often run from 3 to 5 years. They are used to acquire equipment, buildings and other long-term assets.
5. Дайте развернутый ответ (20-25 предложений) на вопрос: What is finance?