Контр по англ, вар 3 (Economy of Canada)

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Контр по англ, вар 3 (Economy of Canada)


Вариант 3
Economy of Canada
Canada is the home to the seventh largest economy in the world, one of the world's wealthiest nations, and a member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development1 (OECD) and Group of Eight2 (G8). As with other developed nations, the Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three quarters of Canadians. Canada is unusual among de-veloped countries in the importance of the primary sector. The logging and oil industries are the most important in Canada. The country also has a sizable manufacturing sector, which is centred in Central Canada, with the automobile industry especially important.
International trade makes up a large part of the Canadian economy, partic-ularly of its natural resources. The United States is by far its largest trading part-ner, which is accounting for about 76% of exports and 65% of imports as of 2007. Canada's exports and imports ranked 8th among all nations in 2006.
Canada has considerable natural resources which are spread across its var-ious regions. In British Columbia, the forestry industry is of great importance, while the oil industry is important in Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador. Northern Ontario is home to a wide array of mines, while the fishing industry was long central to the character of the Atlantic provinces, though it was in steep decline.
These industries are increasingly becoming less important to the overall economy. Only some 4% of Canadians are employed in these fields, and they ac-count for less than 6% of GDP3. They are still paramount in many parts of the country. Many, if not most, towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is diffi-cult, exist because of a nearby mine or source of timber. Canada is a world leader in the production of many natural resources such as gold, nickel, uranium, dia-monds and lead. Several of Canada's largest companies are based in natural re-source industries. The vast majority of these products are exported, mainly to the United States. There are also many secondary and service industries that are di-rectly linked to primary ones. For instance one of Canada's largest manufacturing industries is the pulp and paper sector, which is directly linked to the logging in-dustry.
The relatively large reliance on natural resources has several effects on the Canadian economy and Canadian society. While manufacturing and service in-dustries are easy to standardize, natural resources vary greatly by region. This ensures that different economic structures are developed in each region of Cana-da, which is contributing to Canada's strong regionalism. At the same time the vast majority of these resources are exported, which is integrating Canada closely into the international economy. The inherent instability of such industries also contributes to greater government intervention in the economy.
Such industries also raise important questions of sustainability. Despite many decades as a leading producer, there is little risk of depletion. In last dec-ades Canadians became less willing to accept the environmental destruction. High wages and Aboriginal land claims also curbed expansion. Instead many Canadian companies focused their exploration and expansion activities overseas where prices are lower and governments more accommodating. Canadian companies are increasingly playing important roles in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Afri-ca.
It is the renewable resources that raised some of the greatest concerns. Af-ter decades of escalating overexploitation the cod fishery all but collapsed in the 1990s, and the Pacific salmon industry also suffered greatly. The logging indus-try, after many years of activism, moved to a more sustainable model.
Notes:
1. the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) - Ор-ганизация экономического сотрудничества и развития (ОЭСР)
2. Group of Eight – Большая восьмерка
3. GDP = Gross Domestic Product - валовый внутренний продукт (ВВП)

I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

II. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.
1. This country is not rich in petroleum and gas.
2. The inflation rate was greatly reduced.
3. The mineral industry accounts for approximately 6 percent of the GDP.

III. Найдите в предложениях существительное в функции определения. Предложения переведите на русский язык.
4. The service industry dominates in the Canadian economy.
5. The fishing production was the leading one in the Atlantic provinces of Canada.
6. Canada is one of the greatest exporter of consumer goods.

IV. Найдите в предложениях прилагательные. Определите их степень сравнения. Предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. Canada is one of the world's wealthiest nations.
2. The logging and oil industries are the most important in Canada.
3. These industries are increasingly becoming less important to the overall econ-omy.

V. Найдите в предложениях глаголы. Определите их время, вид и залог. Укажите инфинитив глагола. Предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. International trade makes up a large part of the Canadian economy.
2. The United States is accounting for about 76% of exports and 65% of imports as of 2007.
3. The logging industry has moved to a more sustainable model.
4. The vast majority of these products was exported, mainly to the United States.
5. The Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry.
6. Only some 4% of Canadians are employed in these fields.
7. There is little risk of depletion.

VI. Перепишите предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы.
1. Many countries are able nowadays to support free trade as they become more economically powerful themselves.
2. The major international trade treaties allow for more protectionist measures in agriculture than for most other goods and services.
3. During recessions there is often strong domestic pressure which is to increase tariffs and to protect domestic industries.

VII. Сделайте данные предложения отрицательными и вопросительными. Поставьте специальные вопросы к выделенным словам.
1. Canada is the home to the seventh largest economy in the world.
2. International trade makes up a large part of the Canadian economy.
2. Many Canadian companies focused their exploration and expansion activities overseas.

VIII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

IX. Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. What industry dominates in the Canadian economy?
2. What natural resources are of importance in Canada?
3. What manufacturing industries are developed in Canada?
4. Where do Canadian companies play important roles?
5. What industries collapsed in Canada in the 1990s?