CONTROL WORK № 2, var 2 (SELECT A SUITAB

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CONTROL WORK № 2, var 2 (SEL ECT A SUITABLE HEAT EXCHANGER)



CONTROL WORK № 2
Variant 2
READING
Text 1
1. Read the article. Choose the best word (A, B or C) for each space (1–10).
SEL ECT A SUITABLE HEAT EXCHANGER
Heat exchangers control a system or substance’s temperature by adding or removing 1….energy. While there are many different sizes and types of heat exchangers, they all use a thermally conducting element generally in the form of a tube or plate – to separate two 2….., such that one can transfer thermal energy to the other. Home heating systems use a heat exchanger to transfer 3…. heat to water or air, which is circulated through the house. 4….use locally available water or ambient air in quite large heat exchangers to condense steam fr om the turbines. Many industrial applications use small heat exchangers to create or 5…. a required temperature.
In industry, heat exchangers do many tasks, ranging fr om 6…. lasers to establishing a controlled sample temperature prior to chromatography. Anyone who wants to use a heat exchanger deals with a basic challenge: fully definingthe problem to be solved, which requires an understanding of the 7… and transport 8....... of fluids. It is necessary to define a specific 9….problem and sel ect a suitable 10........exchanger.

1 А. thermal В. conventional С. renewable
2 A. heat В. fluids С. energy
3 A. control a system B. industrial applications C. combustion gas
4 A. home heating systems B. power plants C. thermal energy
5 A. maintain B. dehumidify C. insulate
6 A. cooling B. exchanging C. demidifying
7 A. control B. thermodynamic C. available
8 A. facilities B. properties C. components
9 A. heat-transfer B. conventional C. thermal
10 A. heat B. fluid C. cooling

Text 2
2. Match the questions (A–F) to the statements (1–5), as in the example (0).
A. What appliance did Thomas Savery invent?
B. Where did the Watt steam engines replace Newcomen engines?
C. What made the appliance impracticable?
D. What was the engine able to do?
E. What principle was the Newcomen engine based on?
F. What was new about the Watt steam engine?

A-0
0. In 1698, the English mechanical designer Thomas Savery invented a steam pumping appliance that drew water directly fr om a well by a vacuum, then sent it up to a higher level by steam pressure.
1. The appliance was also proposed for draining mines, but its pumping height was limited, making this impracticable. It consumed a large amount of fuel compared with later engines.
2. The solution to draining deep mines was found by Thomas Newcomen who developed an “atmospheric” engine also working on the vacuum principle. The Newcomen engine was more powerful than the Savery engine.
3. For the first time water could be raised from a depth of over 150 feet. The engine was able to replace a team of 500 horses. Seventy-five Newcomen pumping engines were installed at mines in Britain, France, Holland, Sweden and Russia. In the next fifty years only a few small changes were made to the engine design.
4. The Watt steam engine was the first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive the piston helped by a partial vacuum. Improving on the design of the 1712 Newcomen engine, the Watt steam engine was the next great step in the development of the steam engine.
5. Offering a dramatic increase in fuel efficiency, the new design replaced Newcomen engines in areas wh ere coal was expensive, and then went on to be used in the place of most natural power sources such as wind and water. James Watt’s design became synonymous with steam engines.

VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
3. Choose the correct item A, B or C .
1. Oil _____ is the process of removing heat from machinery and electrical components with oil as a transfer medium.
A. heating
B. cooling
C. reducing
2. Heat exchangers control a system or substance’s _____by adding or removing thermal energy.
A. energy
B. system
C. temperature
3. Heat _____ is implemented in heat sources like a steel mill.
A. recovery
B. engine
C. machinery
4. Fireplaces with hot-water heating contain water reservoir to which ____can be connected.
A. hot-water supply
B. a steel mill.
C. coolant
5. In a Stirling_____ , the regenerator is an internal heat exchanger.
A. windmill
B. engine
C. energy
6. The primary effect of regeneration in a Stirling engine is to increase the _____efficiency by ‘recycling’ internal heat.
A. global
B. thermal
C. atmospheric
7. This type of condenser_____ as a surface condenser.
A. is known
B. are known
C. will known
8. In 1774 John Wilkinson _____ boring machine.
A. invent
B. invents
C. invented
83
9. Thermal energy _____and measured by heat of any kind.
A. generated
B. generate
C. is generated
10. Electric cars with regenerative breaking seem to be the best candidate for energy _____.
A. recovery
B. heat
C. temperature

TRANSLATION
4. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
1. Widespread use of energy recycling could therefore reduce global warming emissions by an estimated 20 percent.
2. The Newcomen engine was more powerful than the Savery engine.
3. These improvements allowed the steam engine to replace the water wheel and horses as the main sources of power for British industry.
4. The greater fuel-efficiency of their engines meant that they were most attractive in areas wh ere fuel was expensive.
5. The regenerator is the key component invented by Robert Stirling and its presence distinguishes a true Stirling engine from any other closed cycle hot air engine.
6. These systems may be configured as a hydrogen furnace, a vacuum furnace or both.
7. Oil cooling is the process of removing heat fr om machinery and electrical components with oil as a transfer medium.
8. Most energy recovery systems exchange thermal energy in either sensible or latent form.
9. A variety of work volumes, temperature, and processing capabilities are offered to match the system to the customer’s requirements.
10. Most often the barrier between the fluids is a metal wall such as that of a tube or pipe.

WRITING
5. Write an abstract to the following text.
The length of the abstract is 100–120 words (see Appendix).
ENERGY RECOVERY INC. SOLUTIONS
DELIVER UNIQUE ENERGY SAVINGS
ERI (Energy Recovery Inc.) develops award-winning, industry-leading products that offer innovations solutions to global industries. Our technologies have revolutionized the water industry, making desalination a viable economic. By utilizing ERI products, desalination plants recover and recycle massive amounts of otherwise wasted fluid energy many times over. This significantly reduces their carbon footprint, and saves our clients more than $1 billion in energy costs each year. Imagine the impact now that ERI is focusing on energy recovery fr om all industrial flows. In gas processing applications, innovative ERI gas processing solutions deliver unique energy savings and reduced capital and operational costs. With installations on practically every continent, our solutions are best suited for industrial applications that translate into energy savings.
For more than a quarter of a century we have developed technologies that recapture the otherwise lost energy fr om fluids at the highest efficiencies possible, making desalination affordable. Our flagship technology, called the PX Pressure Exchanger™ (PX™) device, provides the highest efficiencies and guarantees the best economic solution in energy recovery for desalination. In addition, the low investment Turbo Charger solution offers substantial savings and quality for those sensitive to upfront costs and wh ere power costs are very minimal. ERI pumping solutions are efficient, robust and reliable. In gas processing applications, the innovative ERI gas processing solution delivers unique energy saving and reduced capital and operational costs.