Тест к занятию 4 по англ (22 вопр, МЭИ)

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Тест к занятию 4 по англ (22 вопр, МЭИ)


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Курс Иностранный язык делового общения (ИДДО Аттестация 01, 02, 03 2018) Тест к занятию 4 (ИДДО, направления 01, 02 и 03)


ЗАНЯТИЕ 4.
Text . SEMICONDUCTORS
1. There are materials that really occupy a place between the conductors of the
electric current and the non-conductors. They are called semiconductors. These
materials conduct electricity less readily than conductors but much better than
insulators. Semiconductors include almost all minerals, many chemical elements, a
great variety of chemical compounds, alloys of metals, and a number of organic
compounds. Like metals, they conduct electricity but they do it less effectively. In
metals all electrons are free and in insulators they are fixed. In semiconductors
electrons are fixed, too, but the connection is so weak that the heat motion of the
atoms of a body easily pulls them away and sets them free.
2. Minerals and crystals appear to possess some unexpected properties. It is
well known that their conductivity increases with heating and falls with cooling.
As a semiconductor is heated, free electrons in it increase in number, hence, its
conductivity increases as well. Heat is by no means the only phenomenon
influencing semiconductors. They are sensitive to light, too. Take germanium and
silicon as an example. Their electrical properties may greatly change when they
are exposed to light. With the help of a ray of light directed at a semiconductor, we
can start or stop various machines, effect remote control, and perform lots of other
useful things. Just as they are influenced by falling light, semiconductors are also
influenced by all radiation. Generally speaking, they are so sensitive that a heated
object can be detected by its radiation.
3. Such dependence of conductivity on heat and light has opened up great
possibilities for various uses of semiconductors. The semiconductor devices are
applied for transmission of signals, for automatic control of a variety of processes,
for switching on engines, for the reproduction of sound, protection of high-voltage
transmission lines, speeding up of some chemical reactions, and so on. On the one
hand they may be used to transform light and heat energy directly into electric
energy without any complex mechanism with moving parts, and on the other hand,
they are capable of generating heat or cold from electricity.
4. Russian engineers and scientists turned their attention to semiconductors
many years ago. They saw in them a means of solving an old engineering problem,
namely, that of direct conversion of heat into electricity without boilers or
machines. Semiconductor thermocouples created in Russia convert heat directly
into electricity just as a complex system consisting of a steam boiler, a steam
engine and a generator does it.


Вопрос 1 из 22
Match each paragraph with the correct heading. One heading is not used.
PARAGRAPH 4    
PARAGRAPH 2    
PARAGRAPH 1    
PARAGRAPH 3


Вопрос 2 из 22
Vocabulary (7): Choose the correct word or word combination.
А fuse placed in an electrical circuit serves as а means of ... .
        connection
        operation
        protection

Вопрос 3 из 22
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word or word combination.
Organic ... which have only hydrogen and carbon are called hydrocarbons.
        properties
        elements
        compounds


Вопрос 4 из 22
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word or word combination.
That there is a certain ... between electricity and magnetism was proved by experiments.
        connectio  
        action
        direction

Вопрос 5 из 22
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word or word combination.
It is possible to turn solar energy into electric energy owing to ... .
        semiconductors  
        generators
        motors


Вопрос 6 из 22
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word or word combination.
The ... of sending speech along a wire was known as early as the 17th century.
        capacity
        capability
        possibility  


Вопрос 7 из 22
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word or word combination.
Rubber is а good ... and it does not let the current pass through it.
        semiconductor
        conductor
        insulator  


Вопрос 8 из 22
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word or word combination.
Conducting materials are ... the only materials to play an important part in electrical engineering.
        of course
        apparently
        by no means

Вопрос 9 из 22
Comprehension (6): Choose the best way to finish the sentence.
When minerals and crystals when they are exposed to light their conductivity ... .
        does not change
        decreases
        increases

Вопрос 10 из 22
Comprehension: Choose the best way to finish the sentence.
Materials with high electron mobility (many free electrons) are called ... .
        conductors
        insulators
        semiconductors


Вопрос 11 из 22
Comprehension: Choose the best way to finish the sentence.
Semiconductors are those elements whose conductivity ... .
        does not change with increase in temperature
        decreases considerably with increase in temperature
        increases considerably with increase in temperature  


Вопрос 12 из 22
Comprehension: Choose the best way to finish the sentence.
Semiconductor thermocouple converts the heat into ... .
        light
        the magnetic field
        the potential difference


Вопрос 13 из 22
Comprehension: Choose the best way to finish the sentence.
In a good insulator, electrons are usually ... .
        semi-free to move around
        free to move around
        tightly bound in place


Вопрос 14 из 22
Comprehension: Choose the best way to finish the sentence.
To generate heat or cold from electricity we use ... .
        semiconductor material  
        conducting material
        insulating material

Вопрос 15 из 22
Match the words and phrases with the definitions.
transmission    
alloy    
compound    
semiconductor    
variety    
as well    
namely    
means    
insulator    
possibility


Вопрос 16 из 22
Decide (6) if the following statements are FALSE or TRUE:
Semiconductors are influenced only by heat.
        FALSE
        TRUE

Вопрос 17 из 22
Decide if the following statements are FALSE or TRUE:
We can transform light and heat energy directly into electric energy only with the help of semiconductors.
        TRUE
        FALSE


Вопрос 18 из 22
Decide if the following statements are FALSE or TRUE:
All alloys of metals are semiconductors.
        FALSE
        TRUE

Вопрос 19 из 22
Decide if the following statements are FALSE or TRUE:
Semiconductors were discovered only at the beginning of the 21th century.
        FALSE
        TRUE


Вопрос 20 из 22
Decide if the following statements are FALSE or TRUE:
Conductivity of silicon increases with heating and falls with cooling.
        TRUE  
        FALSE


Вопрос 21 из 22
Decide if the following statements are FALSE or TRUE:
In insulators all electrons are fixed.
        FALSE
        TRUE  


Вопрос 22 из 22
Find in the text English equivalents to the following expressions:
неожиданные свойства    
обратили внимание на    
с помощью луча света    
единственное явление    
осуществлять дистанционное управление    
с одной стороны    
подобно металлам    
возьмем, к примеру, …